Abstract

The Whole School Approach to guidance in the schools, organized as a comprehensive guidance program is featured. The conceptual foundation for the program is described and the basic elements of the program are presented. The article closes with a presentation of some demonstrated effects of guidance programs in the United States.

摘要

本文描述了在學校內透過全方位輔導計劃所推行的校本輔導、有關計劃之基礎理念和基本元素。文章最後列舉了輔導計劃在美國推行以來，一些已獲得印證的影響。

Abstract

Norman C. Gysbers, a proponent of comprehensive school guidance programs, was interviewed about his early life experiences, his views on comprehensive guidance programs, the Whole School Approach, life career development, counseling training, and the advocacy role of professional counseling associations.

摘要

全方位學校輔導模式的推行者艾思柏（Norman C. Gysbers）在訪問中，談及有關他早年的生平，又被問及對全方位輔導模式和全校參與輔導的觀點，以及對終身事業發展、輔導培訓和專業輔導機構的倡導角色的意見。

Abstract

The paper looks at the philosophical assumptions of the comprehensive guidance program and of a Whole School Approach to guidance, and considers how the comprehensive guidance program can contribute to furthering the development of guidance in Hong Kong schools. Reference is made to adapting the organizational framework of comprehensive guidance program as the structure, developing a guidance curriculum, strengthening individual planning and system support as possible ways of integrating the comprehensive guidance program with a Whole School Approach to guidance.

摘要

本文從全方位輔導計劃與校本輔導的哲學原則出發，探討全方位輔導計劃如何進一步發展香港學校的輔導工作。本文所引用的資料皆可論證全方位輔導計劃融入校本輔導是可行的，例如以全方位輔導計劃的概念作為藍圖、設計及推行輔導課程、加強個別輔導計劃，以及增加輔導計劃工作的支援等。

Abstract

Counselling as a profession plays an important role in education reform in Hong Kong as it focuses on students and has a life-span developmental perspective. Gysbers, through this timely paper, introduces the concept and a concrete program on "Implementing a Whole School Approach to Guidance Through a Comprehensive Guidance Program." His proposal, whilst very comprehensive, practical and proven to be effective in the U.S., is valuable for counselling professionals on putting principle into practice in Hong Kong.

摘要

在教育改革的熱潮中，輔導專業的立場和方向，對改善教育素質有重要影響，特別在「人本」及「一生發展」這兩重點，輔導和教育在實踐及學理上都有共通點。Norman C. Gysbers的文章以輔導為中心，設計了一套課程及其執行方法和推動的策略。而這「學校為本的全方位輔導」在美國已推行多年，非常值得我們深思和參考。

Abstract

During the last decades Taiwan has moved from a prime example of brain drain or non-return of scientists and engineers who went to the United States to study and stayed in the U.S. after graduation, to an example of a country where a high percentage of graduates return home after study abroad. This article reviews the historical evolution of the reentry phenomenon over time with particular attention to quality of life (familial, social, and political) factors. Findings from two National Science Foundation (U.S., #INT-8420095) and National Science Council (ROC) funded research projects to study reentry are discussed. Two research projects, one quantitative and one qualitative, are discussed and patterns of factors contributing to reentry are described. Case examples are also presented to personalize the problem situations confronting Taiwan graduates in science and engineering fields as they decide whether or not to return home after study abroad. Finally, questions are generated for future research.

摘要

在過去數十年，台灣受到人才流失的問題影響，留學美國的科學家和工程師在完成學業後，都選擇留在彼邦。但現在，情況已大大不同，回流台灣的畢業生人數的百分率十分高。本文回顧過去回流的歷史演進情況，並且特別注意生命質素（如家庭、社會、政治）等因素。美國國家科學基金和國家科學委員會（台灣）支持的兩項研究計劃結果亦在討論範圍之內，而這兩項計劃分別是量化和質化研究。另外，本文會描述導致回流的種種因素，並會列出一些個案例子，活生生的說明台灣畢業生在外國完成學業後，在決定回去台灣與否時所面對的問題。一些有待繼續探討的問題，會在文章末段提出來。

摘要

本文嘗試描述儒家思想中有關理想家庭的一些概念。在儒家文獻中，理想家庭的特質包括：（1）父慈子孝、兄友弟恭、夫婦和順，家庭成員根據五倫關係，順從關係裏地位較高者；（2）家庭和諧、避免爭吵；（3）家人克己，不隨便流露感情；（4）家人互相忍耐和忍讓；（5）齊家。本文將會探討這些傳統概念對現代輔導（特別是家庭輔導）的一些啟示。

Abstract

This paper attempts to examine the conceptions of an ideal family in Confucian thoughts. Based on an extensive review of the literature, several characteristics of an ideal family in Confucian thoughts are identified. These include (1) "fu ci zi xiao, xiong you di gong, fu chi her shuen" (the father is affectionate and the son is dutiful, the elder brother is friendly and the younger brother shows respect, the husband-wife relationship is smooth and harmonious), (2) harmonious relationships among family members and avoidance of conflict, (3) avoidance of expression of feelings, particularly those negative ones, (4) mutual forbearance and tolerance, and (5) good order and management of the family. The implications of traditional Confucian thoughts of an ideal family on contemporary counseling, particularly family counseling, are discussed.