Abstract

While most counseling theories acknowledge the vital importance of internal dialogue or how clients process information, there has been little attention to how that internal dialogue can become a resource in the counseling process. The article describes a conceptual model for utilizing internal dialogue through a Triad Training Model that matches a coached client with a procounselor and anticounselor in a three-person team to articulate the client' positive and negative internal dialogue when matched with a culturally different counselor in a role-played interview. Culture is defined broadly to include demographic, status and affiliation variables as well as ethnographic characteristics. The advantages of a counselor trainee receiving immediate and continuous — positive as well as negative — feedback from a procounselor and anticounselor are discussed.

摘要

大部分輔導理論同意內部對話（internal dialogue）或來訪者處理訊息之方法是十分重要的，但卻很少人注意到內部對話可以成為輔導過程的資源。本論文描述一個運用內部對話的「三人訓練模式」（Triad Training Model）。三人訓練模式用角色扮演方法，由來訪者、親輔導員和反輔導員組成訓練小組，藉此幫助輔導員在面談中能明確了解並表達出文化背景不同的來訪者的內部對話。本文用一個闊面的定義界定「文化」一詞。文化包括個人背景特徵、社會地位、群聚性等變量以及民族特性。本文亦會討論受訓輔導員從親輔導員和反輔導員的回應中能夠獲得的幫助。

摘要

中國傳統文化博大精深，與西方文化有頗不相同的地方，精神健康觀念也是一樣，現代西方的精神健康觀側重個人自我價值觀、社會功能和人際關係各方面的潛能發展。而中國傳統文化不少是源於先秦諸子的學說，其中儒家的孔孟、道家的老莊、醫學典藉《黃帝內經》都對中國人的精神健康概念有深遠的影響。他們的學說在有關精神健康的思想是主張和諧，個體應該克己以滿足團體，如家庭、國家的要求，著重名分和天人合一的調和。這些觀念對精神健康實務有頗多啟示，專業人員應該充份掌握這些民族文化的特徵，在實務上加以適應和運用。

Abstract

Traditional Chinese culture, to certain extent, is quite different from modern western culture, especially in the perception of mental health of individuals. Modern western concepts of mental health focus on the sense of self-satisfaction, individual's social functioning and interpersonal relationship among individuals in the society. Traditional Chinese culture, in which most of them are founded on the different school of thoughts in the Pre-Chin' period stress more on collective harmony, self discipline and control of individual's needs and desire to fulfill the requirement of the family, society and the country. In this paper, the writer tries to analyse related mental health concepts described in those classical texts like the Four Books of the Confucians, Lao Tsu's and Chuang Tsu's writings in Taoism, and the Yellow Emperor Internal Classics in Chinese medicine. All these are important classics in the Pre-Chin?period which have a strong impact on later dynasties. Their implications on the counselling with Chinese clients are also discussed.

摘要

本研究以〈中國青少年生活事件檢查表〉調查武漢市內的中學生，以了解大陸城市中學生經歷應激生活事件的情況。調查發現，中國城市青少年應激生活事件的範圍主要在學習負擔、師生關係、家庭變故、父母及親子關係以及戀愛交友方面，其中學業負擔和師生關係問題是當前中國中學生主要的應激壓力，但性別方面的差別並不如級別差別這麼大。

Abstract

The survey was conducted with a sample (N=2014) of middle school students from Wuhan, one of the biggest cities in China, with the Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist (CALECH), which is developed by the authors (Jiang & Jin, 1998). The major discoveries included: (1) all the stressful life events experienced by the students could be roughly classified into 5 categories as heavy load of learning, negative relationship between student and teacher, disasters with families, bad relationships between parents and between parents and the child, and affairs related to love, peer relationship, etc; (2) the two chief categories of life events as stressors for Chinese mainland students were the load of learning and the negative relationship between students and their teachers; and (3) male students experienced more stressors that the females, but the amount of this difference is less than the one of the difference between junior and senior middle school students, the latter group experienced more stressful life events.

Abstract

As part of a major study that investigated the quality of school education in Hong Kong, this study assessed the quality of schooling in Band 5 secondary schools. If the quality of school education is to be enhanced, students' views of the quality of school life and their reactions to school should be examined. With reference to the Australian model and subscales of quality of school life, a sample of 2460 students from three selected Band 5 secondary schools was surveyed. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the data to explore the multidimensionality of quality of school life and the existence of subscales. The research contributes to provide insights to understand Band 5 schools and hints to assure the quality of education. Findings show that sense of achievement was not evident in the students' views of quality of school life and sense of opportunity had no effects on students' general satisfaction and negative affects. To promote the quality of education in schools which have admitted a great proportion of Band 5 students, enhancing teacher-students relations, strengthening social integration, and improving adventurous experience in the classroom are the effective strategies.

摘要

在制定提升學校教育質素政策和措施時，我們必須考慮學生對學校生活質素的觀感和他們對學校的反應。這篇文章報告香港「第五組」學校的學生對學校生活質素的觀感和反應。來自三所第五組學校的2460名學生參加了是項研究，回答一份有關學校生活質素的問卷。經由統計學之因子分析法和直線回歸法分析資料後，證明學生對學校生活質素的概念是多層次和多度向的。研究結果顯示，第五組學校的學生在學校生活上缺乏成功感，對學業前途並不存有希望。如要提升第五組學校學生的學校生活質素，學校應增強師生關係，促進社群融合和改善學生在課堂上的經歷。

Abstract

Youth Outreach has been providing an all-night outreaching service to young people on the streets at night since 1992. Young people of all ages are numerous on the streets at night some are as young as seven. Most of these young people begin as "runaways" but gradually progressed to becoming "stay aways" and from there become "gang members." The young people come from all socio-economic strata. The majority is truants or drop outs from school. The task of the outreaching social workers is to offer a supportive and helping relationship to the young people they meet who are not only experiencing the uncertainties of adolescence but also the crisis of struggling to survive on the streets. Current problems and future directions in relations to services for this population examined.

摘要

自一九九二年起，協青社一直為晚上仍流連街頭的青少年提供通宵外展服務。這一大批青年人包括不同年紀，有些更小至七歲。他們起初只是離家出走，慢慢便會留在外面不願回家，最後便成為童黨。這些青年人來自社會各階層，大部分都是逃學或被學校開除的。他們不但正在經歷青少年的迷惘時期，他們更要面對流連街上的危機而不斷掙扎。外展社工的工作就是為遇見的青年少提供支持及協助。本文旨在探討與外展服務有關的問題及未來的方向。