摘要

傳統的教職員發展重視外控、補救、技術知識的灌輸，以及個別的改變，教職員角色流於被動；新興的強調校本、發展、多範疇的成長，以及多層面的改變，教職員角色則主動積極。綜合新的趨勢，本文目的在提出校本教職員發展矩陣的理念，包括不同的效果範疇、主角類別、及發展層面，為教職員發展建立新的理論和實踐基礎，擴展新的教職員發展內涵，而其中協調性原則可作為指導有效推展教職員發展活動的原則。基於發展矩陣，可建立不同層面或不同主角類別的發展循環，以動態形式發展行政人員、教師、及學生，並發展個人、小組、及全校。本文亦論及如何建立有效的教職員發展方案，推動活動。

Abstract

Traditional concepts of staff development emphasize the external control, compensation, transfer of techniques and knowledge, and change of individuals and the role of staff is assumed to be passive. But the new concepts focus on school initiative, development, growth in multiple domains, and change in multiple levels and the role of staff is perceived to be active. Integrating the new trends, this paper aims at establishing a theory of staff development matrix consisting of effect domains, actor categories, and development levels. The theory can provide a new framework for conceptualization and management of staff development in schools and can expand the content of development activities. The proposed principle of congruence sets an important guideline for effective implementation of staff development. Based on the development matrix, different dynamic development cycles can be established at different levels for development of different actors. This paper also discusses how to establish effective staff development program for implementation.

摘要

根據「公民權責」理論及公民教育的有關文獻，本文首先將提出一個理解公民教育內容的普遍架構。就這個架構，本文將進一步分析香港學校公民教育的特殊狀況。本文會指出香港學校制度所施行的公民教育是一種疏離於本土民族及本地政治的教育，同時亦是一種培養子民而非公民的教育。根據以上討論，本文將提出一套非殖民化的公民教育的內容與形式，以期引發我們對九七後香港學校公民教育的討論。

Abstract

Based on literature of theories of citizenship and citizenship education, a general framework of the content of citizenship education is outlined in the first part of the article. In light of this general framework, the particular ,features of the citizenship education in Hong Kong are then explicated. It is asserted that the kind of citizenship education practised within the Hong Kong school system can be characterized as education which alienates from the indigenous nationally and local politics and which fosters subject rather than citizen. Based on the precedent discussion, content and form of a decolonized citizenship education for Hong Kong is put forth. It is hoped that proposal will initiate discussion on the nature and features of citizenship education in Hong Kong schools after 1997.

摘要

心理輔導作為西方文化的產物，深受其文化與社會習俗的影響。因此，在中國社會推廣心理輔導時，我們應注意到中、西方文化，社會差異對於心理輔導理論與實踐的作用，不宜機械地加以搬用。本文根據調查結果及中國人社會化過程的特點，提出啟發式心理輔導之模式，旨在將孔子之啟發教育思想結合在西方非指導性心理輔導模式中去，充份肯定輔導員對於當事人自我反省與完善所起的引導作用，並將輔導過程看作一個“開而弗達”的積極思維過程，以建立起適合於中國人行為方式的本土化的心理輔導模式。

Abstract

This article demonstrates that the direct use of Western-oriented non-directive counselling approach would encounter three major social conflicts in Chinese society through interviewing a group of college counsellors in Beijing. The significance of the conflicts is explored in relation to the differences in socialization process of the Chinese and the Western societies. In light of these differences, the article proposes the use of a heuristic model of counselling for working with Chinese people, based on the Confucian concept of heurism in teaching. Specifically, the model calls for a more active role in therapeutic interaction for the counsellor and encourages the counsellor to express himself more openly but in a non-imposing way. Thus, the model intends to be an indigenous and pragmatic adaptation of Western modalities of counselling in Chinese society.

摘要

一般人都會同意，中學教育主要目的之一，就是培養學生發展出獨立、批判思考的能力。就此而言，邏輯思維的能力是不可或缺的。故此，教師本身的邏輯思維能力，便很可能會影響到中學教育的質素。有鑑於此，我們選擇了香港大學及中文大學教育學院的學生來進行測試；一般來說，他們都是現職或未來的中學教師。調查成功收回五百零一份試卷。結果顯示，受測試者的邏輯思維能力一般而言差強人意，而他們在非演繹推理方面的能力則稍優於演繹推理。進一步分析顯示，邏輯訓練與受測試者的演繹推理能力是有關的。

Abstract

It is generally agreed that one of the major aims of secondary education is the development of the ability of independent and critical thinking, for which the ability of logical thinking is essential. Thus deficiency of teachers' logical thinking ability would probably affect the quality of education received by secondary school pupils. Therefore we conducted a research by test on the ability of logical thinking of in the Faculties of Education of Hong Kong University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the majority of which current or prospective graduate masters/mistresses. A total of 501 test papers have been successfully completed. The results show the restees' ability of logical thinking is generally unsatisfactory. and that their non-deductive ability is generally better than their deductive ability. Analysis of the data indicates that trainings in logic affect testees' ability of deductive reasoning.

摘要

教育的開支中，教師薪酬一般來說均超過七成半，因此教師薪酬的變動往往牽涉鉅額的公帑；另一方面，教育是一項勞力密集的行業，教師薪酬的改變是影響著數以萬計的教師。對教育決策者來說不單考慮開支承擔問題，還要顧及教師的反應，士氣和供求問題等。故此對教育決策者釐訂教育開支時，教師薪酬是一項重要的決策變數（policy variable）（Woodhall, 1985）。

公積金作為教師薪酬的一部份，其影響是與薪酬不可分割的，因此本文首先看一看教師薪酬與教師工作的密切關係，其次會搜集其他國家類似香港教師公積金的計劃，研究其異同之處。然後，以過往公積金的資料 （最近十年為主），探討其管理架構、投資策略、運作形式和穩健程度等狀況，作較詳細而有系統的剖析，從而作出討論和建議。

Abstract

In the expenditure of education, teachers' salaries usually represent at least 75 percent of the total current costs of education. This indicates that teachers' pay are likely to exert a strong influence on the level of total expenditure. On the other hand, education is a labour enterprise, the effect of teachers' salaries has considerable bearing on the future costs of educational investment. Moreover, the issue of teachers' salaries is not only the cost of education, it is also a means to recruit and retain high-quality teachers, to balance the supply and demand of teachers, to raise the level of teachers' morale. Woodhall (1985) speculated that the salary of teaching force is an important policy variable.

In Hong Kong, provident fund as an important part of teachers' salary, the amount of provident fund is undoubtedly one of the main factors for the educational policymaker in calculating the costs of education. This paper examines recent trends in provident fund in subsidized schools. The first part of this paper will review the relationship between teachers' salaries and the teaching profession. Next, there is a brief review of policy and similar scheme of teaching force in six European countries. And then, a study on Hong Kong subsidized schools provident fund in different aspects — the management structure, the investment strategy, the operating condition and the degree of stability etc. Lastly, results of the analysis and discussions will be presented in the final part of this paper.

Abstract

This paper seeks to present facts and research findings around the world in order to show that preschool education is not only "important" but also "essential". For a long time in Hong Kong, advocates of preschool education have been confronted by the perennial question of the "essentialness" of preschool education. The Government of Hong Kong has been using this professed doubt in avoiding issues of subsidization of the preschool sector. It has been argued that, in the absence of large-scale, empirical, and longitudinal research, preschool education, though considered as important, may not warrant full-scale support from the public purse. By summoning research findings of international significance and through a depiction of reform initiatives in neighboring societies, this paper argues that, as one of the world's most important metropolises and industrialized societies, Hong Kong should quickly realize its own fallacies and shortcomings in the ways it educates its very young and humbly learn from the accomplishments of other societies in the field of preschool education.

Abstract

This study uses the applicability paradigm of Marsh (1981) to examine the validity of two evaluation instruments and their underlying model of teaching effectiveness across seven countries with diverse cultures and higher education systems. The results from the seven studies support the reliability, appropriateness, and to some degree convergent and discriminant validities of the two instruments. Similar patterns of item salience and discrimination between good and poor lecturers are also obtained. Hence, the similarity of the results from diverse academic settings generally lends support to the applicability and the cross-cultural validity of these two instruments' and their underlying model of teaching. In addition, the finding that Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China are each relatively more similar to the West than among themselves may reflect the fact that their higher education systems are to a certain extent modeled after those of the West.

Abstract

This paper describes an academic performance appraisal initiative undertaken by the author in conjunction with academic staff and students of the Department of Management of the Hong Kong Polytechnic. The initiative involved the development of a set of behaviourally based performance rating scales and the design of a multi-appraisal method. In addition, a strategy for implementation was proposed. It is argued that the current emphasis on performance measurement in Hong Kong higher education has given particular relevance to this initiative.

Abstract

Technology in the information age has profound impact in our life. Nevertheless, its educational use has not yet been commonly adopted by Hong Kong educators. The goal to educate students become productive citizens in the new era cannot be achieved without the utilization of technology. To integrate technology into educational programs, teachers cannot remain as the traditional information disseminators. They need to change their instructional role, and teaching methods. They must recognize the dynamics of technology in education, validate different learning styles, and have an open mind and positive attitude to embrace technology in their subjects.

School administrators play a very important role in the implementation of technology-integrated-curriculum. Understanding how instructional technology can serve the educational development of Hong Kong is the first and foremost step that an administrator can do and must take. Essential steps for successful staff development programs are suggested.

Abstract

The present study, based on a model on spumed helpers' reactions, attempts to examine the extent to which spuming would contribute to burnout in a group of beginning teachers. Prospective teachers enroled in a teacher training program were invited to participate in a study on their school experience. Spuming and burnout were measured before they started teaching, and six months and one year into their work. The results showed that spuming did result in burnout. The processes by which spuming contributed to burnout were also discussed.

摘要

本文闡釋傳統單層分析方法在處理多層數據所產生的問題。討論集中於凝聚偏差、低估標準誤差及回歸不均一性。本文並採用ML3E軟件，以實例說明多層分析的重要性。

Abstract

This paper reviews the problems of using traditional one level analysis on multilevel data. Issues related to aggregated bias, misestimated standard errors, and heterogeneity of regression are discussed. Furthermore, concrete examples in ML3E are used to illustrate the importance of multilevel analysis.

摘要

本文旨在思維、語言與寫作的關係上立論，說明邏輯思維訓練對於寫作教學的助益，建議語文教師於進行語文教學時，隨機因應，給學生灌輸一些邏輯的基本知識，加強思維的訓練，藉以改善學生的表達能力，相應提高語文水平。文中就教學上實際應用的層面，提出個人的看法。

Abstract

This essay aims at bringing out the relationship between thinking, language and writing, and illustrates how to train the student's logical thinking through the teaching of writing. Teachers should inculcate in their students some basic knowledge of logic and strengthen the training in their thinking, in order to improve student's ability in expressing themselves.