摘要

本文把近年在專業社會學內所建立的理論模式，結合到學校教師在現代國家的社經脈胳及現代學校的科層脈胳內的地位，以整理出一分析教師專業化的架構。並應用此架構去分析香港教師專業化的路向與策略。分析結果顯示，香港教師及其組織，一向是被港府與辦學團體所組成的協同主義所排斥及支配。因此，香港教師專業化的路向，就是在制度層面上，向國家權力爭取「協同團體」的地位；在學校組織層面上，則需要把現行建基在傳統或科層權威的支配形式，轉變為建基在專業自主權的「同僚支配」。

Abstract

The essay begins with an explication of theoretical models developed in the field of the sociology of the profession in recent years. Then the theses on teacher's occupational statuses within both the socio-political context of modern state and the bureaucratic context of modern school are eluciated. Based on these two lines of inquiry, a theoretical framework is constructed in analyzing the orientations and strategies of teacher's professionalization. Applying the framework to the context of Hong Kong, we find that school teachers and their organizations have been excluded from and dominated by a long established corporatism made up of the Hong Kong Government and the school sponsoring bodies. Hence, it suggests that the directions and strategies for teacher's professionalization in Hong Kong are to fight for the status of corporate body within the educational institution and to transform the form of domination prevailing in schools which is based on either traditional or bureaucratic authorities into collegial domination which is built upon professional autonomy.

摘要

在高等教育及專科課程裏，性別不平等的問題是否存在呢？本文分別從男女攻讀之人數及他們所修讀學校及課程的角度去回答這個問題。我們特別強調經濟發展與社會變遷對此所帶來之影響，與及其與性別分層之關係。我們指出，雖然香港女性在接受高等教育之機會不斷增加，但是在學科及課程上，「性別隔離」的情況仍然相當嚴重，男性在這方面佔有很大的優勢，尤以大學學位之專業課程為甚。最後，我們提出若干未來之研究路向。

Abstract

This study addressed the issue of gender inequality in higher education in Hong Kong. Using the published data from census report, the differences between males and females in participation in post-secondary education and vocational training (in terms of number of students of the two sexes and the fields of education that they study were explored. Results indicated that although the number of females receiving higher education in Hong Kong had increased the majority of them were concentrated in a small range of areas of study. They are higher represented in clerical-related training courses that prepare them to work in the lower-status jobs in the tertiary sector. On the other hand, males were more likely to receive training in science and technology (such as engineering) which offer a better career prospect. In addition, more men than women entered the universities while a great proportion of women attended the teacher's college and nurse training schools. Overall, sex segregation in higher education remained a serious problem in Hong Kong. In contrast to the convention wisdom, the growth of higher education does not lead to a greater gender integration in it. This reflects the strong influence of the traditional sex-role ideology on educational choice of males and females.

Abstract

The present study addressed to the issue of sex differences in the psychological well-being of Chinese dual-employed parents in Hong Kong. Various measures of psychological well-being based upon negative (i.e. presence of psychiatric symptoms) and postive mental health criteria ( positive psychological health) were used. Results showed that the employed mothers displayed significantly more psychological and somatic symptoms, and they indicated less purpose in life than the employed fathers. The present findings add further empirical evidence to the sex differences of dual-employed parents and the implications on future researches were discussed.

摘要

本研究安排了兩組教育學院學生分別學習廣東拼音輸入法和基本筆劃輸入法兩個中文輸入系統，然後觀察兩組學生在利用不同輸入法對漢字編碼的正確率和分析統計兩組學生在編碼上所犯的錯誤。本研究的設計、測量工具和兩組學生對漢字編碼的正確率等結果，已在本學報第十七卷一期刊出（見譚、鍾1989）。本文集中討論學生在應用這兩種輸入法對漢字編碼最易犯的錯誤，並分析引致這些錯誤的原因。最後更針對這兩種輸入法的特點，提出一些改良的建議。

Abstract

Two groups of students from a college of education were taught to use two different Chinese encoding systems - Strokes Encoding System and Cantonese Encoding System. After the learning period, the subjects were given paper-and-pencil tests to check their accuracy and error patterns of encoding. The methodology and part of the results have been discussed in the same journal (see Tam, Chung, 1989). This paper emphasizes on the students' encoding errors of using Cantonese Encoding System and Strokes Encoding System. Causes to such error patterns are also discussed. Finally, recommendations to improve these two encoding systems are made.

摘要

本文概述動機與學習的關係，特別介紹了聯結理論、人文理論、及認知理論的重點。文章亦專注討論聯結理論中的強化原理、人文理論中的需求層序，及認知理論中的成就動機、歸因、滿足延後、好奇心，與內在動機等概念，和它們對學習的影響。

Abstract

This paper gives a brief introduction of the relationship between motivation and learning, with special focus on association theory, humanistic theory, and cognitive theory. Further discussions on association theory's reinforcement principle, and humanistic theory's need hierarchy are included. Within the cognitive framework, the concepts of achievement motivation, attribution, delay of gratification, curiosity, and intrinsic motivation are also discussed. The relationships of these motivational constructs and processes to learning are highlighted.

Abstract

The mental health knowledge of 1,850 Chinese secondary school students was assessed by the Chinese Mental Health Knowledge Scale (CMHKS), together with other instruments measuring their attitudes to mental illness and ex-mental patients. The results showed that the mean percentages of 'Correct', 'Incorrect' and 'Not Clear' responses to the items in the CMHKS were 38.4%, 28.3% and 33.3% respectively, suggesting that a significant portion of the subjects was either misinformed or ignorant of the knowledge on mental illness and mental health. The data further showed that while mental health knowledge was weakly related to age, the subject's contact with people with mental illness and educational attainment of the parents, form and mode of attendance were found to have strong effect on CMHKS scores. The implications of the data on mental health education within the school context are discussed.

摘要

香港本土文化的冒升與「香港人」身份認同的確立，是最近十年來出現的新現象。這個現象的產生，可溯源自五零年代香港與中國在社會生活層面的割裂，以及隨之而來兩地的分途發展。本文從一個歷史的角度，分析香港本土文化與「香港人」意識產生的背景及其經過，其中尤其 重描述香港華人如何拋卻戰後相對於大陸主流文化而言的文化自卑感，以及這種自卑感如何在中國現代革命的過程中衍生。最後，本文將簡單討論香港七十年代的學運，並解釋這場學運如何在意識形態層面上為「香港人」的身份認同揭起序幕。

Abstract

Since the late 1970's, there is clearly an emergence of an indigenous Hong Kong culture and a sense of local identity. This process can be traced back to a period of unprecedented social and cultural severance between Hong Kong and mainland China since the Cold War era of the fifties. The present essay attempts to chart this process, placing its emphasis, in particular, on how Hong Kong as a community succeeded to shed an inferiority complex regarding its cultural stance as compared to that of the mainland. This essay further analyses how this inferiority complex has grown in the context of China's changing course of revolution in modern times. Lastly, a brief description of the student movement of the seventies, as a chapter in the development of the nascent indigenous identity, is made.

Abstract

The present study attempted to investigate self concepts and delinquent behaviours of junior prevocational secondary school students as compared to their grammar secondary school counterparts in Hong Kong. The instrument for the independent measures was adapted from a recent study by Leung and Lau (1989) who examined the relationship between self concepts and delinquent behaviours in junior grammar school students. We administered the questionnaire to 1148 prevocational students in Fl, F2, and F3. The data obtained were then compared with those collected by Leung and Lau (1989) . Statistical analyses showed that grammar school students had a slightly higher self esteem for themselves than prevocational school students while the latter group was more likely to commit deviant acts than the former group. Comparisons across forms further revealed that children entering prevocational schools were basically more deviant than those entering grammar schools.

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a multifold increase in the number of researchers who use statistical packages on personal computers for data analyses. These packages are especially useful for small to medium size educational and social research. The present article examines their advantages and limitations using SPSS/PC+ as an example. Suggestions of how the package can be used most efficiently and ways of overcoming the limitations are also discussed.

Abstract

This is basically a historical sketch of the development of the prevocational school from its earlier years to the present. The paper briefly introduces issues relevant to prevocational and vocational education and then traces the events which led to the formulation of government policies related to the prevocational school. The central theme of the paper is that prevocational education in Hong Kong is providing a viable option for some students who are academically-less able, but it does not restrict their chances for higher education. At the same time it raises questions on the future structure of matriculation classes in the prevocational school, and on the possible merging of the prevocational schools with the secondary technical schools. The paper has drawn on public as well as internal documents available.

摘要

本文主要根據在1983年和1988年進行的兩次全港性調查所得的資料寫成。資料顯示，香港小學的課外活動在這五年間是有所發展的，其中以學生人數比較少，設備比較差和實施全日制的學校有較大的發展。不少校長表示，他們最關注的是教師的態度和技能問題。

Abstract

This paper compares the results of two surveys on the provision of and responses to extra-curricular activities in Hong Kong primary schools conducted in 1983 and 1988. The same questionnaire was sent to all primary schools in Hong Kong on both occasions through the government Education Department. The response rates were 28.87% in 1983 and 85.34% in 1988. Results show that there was an improvement over the years. Improvements were most marked in schools which had fewer pupils, were less well-equipped, and/or provided a whole-day programme. Many principals mentioned that their major concerns with regard to this aspect of education were teachers' attitudes and skills.