摘要

本研究旨在了解小學生的學業成績歸因及期望等發展性改變。受試者為十二班小二至小六學生。研究結果顯示年幼學生有較高的自觀成績，而認為成績是可以控制的學生則有較高的期望，對自己在其他學校活動的表現，也有較高的評價。雙複式分析展示年幼學生與高自觀成績者甚為相似，他們俱歸因於可控制的事項，有高期望及高自觀其他活動表現。另一方面，低成就及年幼學生的外源歸因則較高。共因變量技巧顯示考試成績最能單獨解釋評準變項的變異量。

Abstract

The developmental changes in primary school students' perceived academic attainment, attributions, and expectancy were explored. Twelve classes of primary 2 to 6 students completed a self-devised attribution questionnaire after the distribution of the mid-term results. Analyses showed that younger students had higher perceived examination attainment. Furthermore, students with more controllable attributions had higher expectancy, and perceived themselves to have better performance in other school activities. A canonical correlation analysis produced two pairs of significance canonical variates. In the first pair, younger students and those with high perceived attainment were found to be alike that they both made more controllable attributions, had higher expectancy, and perceived better performance in other school activities. The second canonical pair revealed that low achievers and younger students made more external attributions. A commonality analysis also showed that examination result had the largest unique component explaining the variance of the criteria.

摘要

進化論和創造論的爭辯並非單單只和生物學及地質學有關。「科學創造論」所用的技倆違反了整個科學領域的研究方法和理論。在物理學的範疇內，一個最常用的反進化論據是辯稱由無秩序的物質進化為有秩序的有機體是明顯地不可能發生的；因為這過程違反熱力學第二定律，而後者需要所有自然過程決定性地邁向一個相反的方向。在這篇文章中，作者不但指出上述論證的謬誤，還就生物熱力學的觀點，按步就班地提供一個全面性的反駁。最後在結論中，我們討論和這問題有關的一些教育含意。

Abstract

One should not imagine that the creation-evolution controversy deals only with biology and geology. Scientific Creationism runs counter to the methods and theories of the whole spectrum of scientific disciplines. In the realm of Physics, one of the most popular anti-evolution argument is the claim that evolution from disordered matter into ordered organism is simply impossible because it violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which requires natural processes to go in the opposite direction. In this article, the author not only points out the fallacious character of the above argument, but also provides a systematic and comprehensive rebuke on all creationists' challenges in the field of Biological Thermodynamics. Educational implication of these issues will also be discussed in the conclusion.

Abstract

"Dependency theory" has occupied the center stage of comparative education in the recent past. An interview with Dr. C.C. Chen, who helped to develop the rural health care delivery system in the Dingxian Experiment and was honoured as the father of China's rural health care delivery system, was conducted in late 1987. The interview illuminates the effect of American educational transfer to China in the early Republican period. The economic and social apects of medical education in Republican China, as well as the transfer process are examined. In this case study, our findings seem to support Velloso's views on "dependency theory".

Abstract

By and large, universities, including those in Southeast Asia, are founded with their national roles far more prominent than their transnational responsibilities. Yet the international dimension to the mission of universities in Southeast Asia has been noteworthy, with particular reference to three specific examples.

For co-operation across national boundaries, a plethora of region-oriented organizations can be identified to serve the needs of universities in Southeast Asia. Equally important, there are other broadly Asian bodies and international organizations with representative offices in Southeast Asia to which the universities and their staff in the region contribute. The universities thus extend their influences beyond their countries in indirect but significant ways.

While existing mechanisms to promote enhanced interchange of information, expertise and scholars across countries need to be strengthened and expanded, more should be explored and constructed in the future. Future efforts should focus upon the production of knowledge and its dissemination and application within and outside the country of production, the management of change through international conferences and other means, and well-conceived and sustained academic interchange between universities within the region as well as between those in the highly developed countries.

A serious but shortlived initiative was mounted in the late 1970s to explore the merits of a regional university in Southeast Asia. Only the Asian Institute of Technology comes closest to being a regional university which furthers academic co-operation and educational objectives among Asian countries.

Abstract

This research applied the Harren's model of careers decision making process to investigate the relative influence of vocational identity, attitudinal careers maturity, school adjustment and decision making styles on careers decision making progress. Path analysis revealed that vocational identity had the strongest direct effect on both the attitudinal careers maturity and careers decision making progress. It was found that rational style would enhance progress in the careers decision making process more effectively than the intuitive and the dependent styles. It was surprisingly found that school adjustment had no direct causual effect on careers decision making progress.

Abstract

In designing activity programme for physical handicapped children, conditions such as the physical state of the children and the content of the activities should be considered. Several deceases and handicaps were mentioned and appropriate activities were suggested. To develop a good programme for handicapped children, a theory that included several important criteria was put forward.

Abstract

The present study tends to find out some correlates that account for the performance of programming ability. 523 of F.4 secondary students in Hong Kong were sampled. Each student was required to attempt tests on mathematics, space, symbols, hidden figure, and programming ability. Results indicated sex and home computer possesion had significant difference on the performance of programming ability. In both gender, performance on mathematics was found to be the best predictor in programming ability, followed by the performance of spatial test. It was suggested to use the result to select students who were capable to take computer studies course.

摘要

古人學習文言與今天香港學生學寫白話文，都是學一種跟日常口語殊遠的書面語，因此傳統的學文經驗，頗有可資借鑑之處。本文旨在探討其學習方法與態度之異同，並借用“語際語”（interlanguage）的概念，嘗試解釋歷代的文言文，與香港學生筆下的白話文，在某些性質上有相類似的地方。文末提出幾黠觀察，希望富有經驗的語文教師加以指正。

Abstract

The way in which Hong Kong students learn how to write modern Chinese bears a striking resemblance to that in which traditional Chinese scholars learned how to write literary Chinese. In both cases, the written languages are different from the spoken languages. It makes sense, therefore, to look into the approaches adopted by traditional scholars in their effort to master the written, literary language, and to draw on their experience. This paper attempts to investigate a variety of issues in connection with the learning of writing skills by using the concept of "interlanguage" as introduced by modern linguists. Recommendations on the improvement of learning attitute are given in the conclusion.

摘要

文學作品是抒情的，它往往傳達了人性中種種普遍的情懷。作家的心靈，可貴在他們對人生種種意蘊，有一份敏銳的觸覺，善於捕捉那些湧現在他們腦際的真情實感，通過文字技巧的處理，轉化為文學作品，展示於讀者的眼前。當我們閱讀文學作品，作者所表達的懷念親人、感歎離別，遊子思家、追憶故國等等思想感情，就會傾注於我們的眼前，打動我們的心弦。只要形成作家上述情感的具體生活境遇仍然存在，那麼作品中所表達的思想情感，就具有不可磨滅的普遍性，裹面就有很多興極的東西，值得教師去介紹給學生。基於此，講授課文，不論從文學或語文角度去看，都不應忽略作者寫作此文的動機。學生一旦真能領略到作者的真摯情懷，受到感動，便會樂此不疲，養成閱讀欣賞的習慣。在引導學生體會作者的思想感情，不能用公式化的教學方法，而須凓重學生的語感訓練、領略作品中的形象感染、激發學生的情感，並且帶領他們從了解達到欣賞的層次。

Abstract

Literature is to release emotion, and most of the time it conveys emotions common to all. The special thing about the writers is that they are sensitive to their experiences. They can capture their feelings and turn them into literary writings via high writing skills. When reading about writings such as about memories of beloved ones, farewell, feeling of a lonely traveller, memory of a fallen kingdom, we might feel that all the emotions are unfolded before our eyes and our hearts are moved. As long as the life experiences that spark the writers to write remain, then the emotions conveyed in the writings would be common to human nature. There would be a lot of educational elements that are worthwhile to teach the students. To teach a piece of writing, we cannot ignore the writer's motive for writing. If the students can understand and deeply moved by the common emotions conveyed, they would be interested to read and learn. There is no formula to teach the affective domain in language content. The students' sensitivity to words, the ability to catch the symbols and metaphorical meaning between the lines, and the arousing of their emothions, are needed to be taken into consideration, in order to enable them to understand and further to appreciate the piece of writing.

摘要

香港教育署課程發展委員會於1988年6月頒佈新修訂之中學中國語文科課程綱要，準備於1991年開始實行。課程部份共分「教學目標」、「教學節數」、「教學範疇」三章。就筆者所見，今次教學目標之釐定，較前凓重學生品德的培養，與對中國文化的認識；這是非常正確的。但於教學範疇方面，卻缺少新意，可議之處尚多；故略抒管見，以備芻蕘之采。

Abstract

The new secondary school Chinese Language curriculum outline, revised by the Education Department in June 1988, will be implemented in 1991. The curriculum consists of three parts: Teaching objective, teaching period, teaching domain. In setting the new teaching objective, there is greater emphasis on students' moral character development and on their knowledge of Chinese culture. This is most appropriate. However, with respect to the part on teaching domain, new ideas are few, and much re-consideration is needed. Suggestions are made in regard to this.