摘要

本文以小學五年級的分數除法單元為例，呈現螺旋變式課程的特色。螺旋變式設計課程的特色是注意課程難點、更有意識地、更有系統地使用「一題多變」與「一題多解」題組，體現概念連接及方法的連接。一題多變的特點是注重循序漸進，同時注重課程的焦點和難點與數學結構的配合。

關鍵詞：螺旋變式課程；分數除法；小學數學

Abstract

This article makes use of division of fraction, a topic in Primary 5, as an example to illustrate the features of the spiral “bianshi” curriculum. The main characteristic of the curriculum is its focus on the difficulty of the problem and the more deliberate and systematic use of the “one problem, many variations” and “one problem, multiple solutions” approach to show how concepts and methods are connected. The approach stresses scaffolding of learning and at the same time emphasizes the integration of the curriculum focus and problem difficulty within the context of mathematical structures.

摘要

新修訂的中學中文科課程在處理語文基礎知識方面有不少未盡妥善之處，包括不合理地劃分學習階段，所選取的學習重點並非處於相同的層次，不必要地重複學習內容，未能清晰具體地描述各個學習重點。本文參考了內地學者在這方面的研究經驗，釐清語文基礎知識的性質和定位，並就如何解決上述問題提出建議。

關鍵詞：語文基礎知識；中國語文科課程；學習重點

Abstract

The newly revised Secondary School Chinese Language Curriculum shows various inadequacies in dealing with the part of basic language knowledge, such as the unreasonable division of learning stages, the inconsistent levels of the learning objectives selected, the unnecessary duplication of learning content, and the unclear description of the learning objectives. With reference to the research experience of mainland scholars in this field, this article clarifies the nature and the position of the part of basic language knowledge in the curriculum, as well as proposes how to resolve the above-mentioned problems.

摘要

白話童詩一如其他詩歌類型，其文理性結構實為成體的關鍵，所以瞭解白話童詩的文理性結構──語言形式，實為學習白話童詩的必要條件。白話童詩展現了與古典詩一脈相承的整齊形式和相對形式，整齊形式為白話童詩帶來了統一的節奏、和諧的節律，展現了詩的音樂美，相對形式發揮漢語的意合特徵，為白話童詩製造了相對相成的詩意脈絡，表現了語義層面的美，然而白話童詩並非完全照錄這兩種語言形式，而是融合了現代詩的語言技巧，更造新變，因此而兼具承傳與創新的特質。

關鍵詞：童詩；古典詩；語言形式

Abstract

Modern Chinese children’s poetry, same as other types of poetry, manifests itself in comprehensive logical structures. Thus understanding language forms and structures is essential to understanding Modern Chinese children’s poetry. Just as in classical poetry, Modern Chinese children’s poetry exhibits the same neat and regular form as well as a corresponding form. The regular form brings out a united rhythm and a harmonious rhyme, and renders musicality to the poems. The corresponding form exemplifies the word/ meaning characteristic of the Chinese language, and creates a corresponding poetic stream, which gives beauty to a layering of meanings. However, Modern Chinese children’s poetry do not always just follow these two language forms, but embodies linguistic techniques of modern poetry to create new elements, thus keeping the unique characteristic of maintaining something traditional as well as creating something new.

摘要

在臺灣，國中國文課本選入李文炤（1672−1735）的〈勤訓〉一文，文中有說「邵子曰：『一日之計在於晨，一歲之計在於春，一生之計在於勤。』」據查邵雍並未有如此說過，尤其是「一生之計在於勤」一句，為本文之關鍵語句，然而不見於邵雍著作、文集之中。然則李文炤所引文句，必有錯誤。教科書的教師手冊、坊間參考書，未見有所檢討，而網路上所提供的資料，甚至是錯誤的結論。既然，則「一生之計在於勤」之句，究竟出於何人之言，何時之語？這正是本論文的核心論題，而且可以得到明確的結論。又就教學而論，我國歷代文獻中強調「勤奮、努力」的名言非常多，何以李文炤獨選邵雍之言以為引重呢？其實，這也跟李文炤的學術背景有關，因為他本身也是一位朱熹學派的理學家與經學家，因此，他只引用邵雍的話來發揮，是可以理解的。

關鍵詞：李文炤；勤訓；邵雍；一生之計在於勤；女論語

Abstract

In Taiwan, the Mandarin textbook of junior middle school selects Li Wenzhao’s article “The Exhortation of Diligence” as one of its reading texts. In this article, it is written that “Shao Yong said: ‘A good day depends on a right start in the morning, a good year lies in a right start in spring, and a good life lies in being diligent.’” However, documentary evidence shows that Shao Yong did not write any sayings exactly like that, especially the key sentence “a good life lies in being diligent.” Li Wenzhao must have been mistaken in quoting these sentences, which could well have been the origin of all the quotation mistakes that followed in a variety of teachers’ manuals, reference books, and even on the web since then. So what is the origin of this key saying? That is the core issue in this article. As to the problem of why Li Wenzhao referred to Shao Yong and not to other scholars, this paper argues that it might have been due to the former’s academic background, which was linked to Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism of the Song Dynasty, and so quoting Shao Yong was understandable.

摘要

本文先建構分析框架，再按課文定價值，探討六套初中語文教科書價值取向的內容、比重和呈現方法，論述其是否落實課程指引教學目標中價值取向的要求，並對以後教科書的編纂提出建議。六套教科書的價值範疇除世界方面尚算全面，具語文教科書的功能。比重方面則個人太多，家庭尚可，社會、國家、民族及世界方面不足，難以落實教學目標的要求。呈現方法建議個人至社會的量宜隨年級漸減，國家至世界的量隨年級漸增。如果課程指引能在價值取向提出比重建議，教科書的編選才有依據，質量才有保證。

關鍵詞：香港；六套初中語文教科書；價值取向

Abstract

Based on a framework of analysis and the determination of values in texts, this paper examines value orientations from the perspectives of content, proportion and presentation methods to see whether the objectives of teaching values from curriculum guides have been implemented in six sets of junior secondary Chinese language textbooks in Hong Kong. The paper also seeks to provide recommendations for future textbook compilation. It was found that the various domains found in the textbooks for determining values were quite comprehensive, except for the domain of the world. The treatment also fulfilled the functions of Chinese language textbooks. However, in terms of the proportion and scope for the different domains, there was too much focus on the individual. The focus on the family was acceptable, but that for the society, country, nation and the world was inadequate, resulting in an imbalance and a difficulty in fulfilling the teaching objectives of the curriculum. In terms of presentation method, it is suggested that the focus on the individual and the society should be reduced as students move up the grade levels, while the focus on the nation and the world should increase. If curriculum guides can provide clearer recommendations on the proportion shown in value orientations in textbooks, then textbook compilation would have a better reference and quality much better guaranteed.

摘要

普通話成為香港中學課程核心科目已十年了。為瞭解初中普通話科的評估情況，我們選取了五所中學，包括用普通話教中文的學校和用粵語教中文的學校，抽樣取了十份初中普通話考卷，從內容、考核形式等角度進行分析，總結評核內容、方式，以及有待改進之處。根據分析結果，並對照現行的初中普通話科課程的內容，嘗試提出評估的改進建議。

關鍵詞：初中；普通話；測試

Abstract

The subject “Putonghua” had been included in the Hong Kong secondary school curriculum as a core subject for a decade. In order to understand the assessment of Putonghua in junior high schools, we selected five secondary schools, including schools that use Putonghua to teach the Chinese language and schools that use Cantonese to teach the Chinese language, and sampled 10 copies of Putonghua test papers from these schools. The study analysed the content and approach of the assessment, recognized areas for improvement and made recommendations for the improvement of assessment of Putonghua in junior high schools, in accordance with the Putonghua curriculum.

摘要

在寫作教學中，所謂「量」是指寫作訓練或練習的次數和寫作的字數；「質」是指同學在寫作方面的真正表現。本文重點在於分析在課程改革下，寫作教學存在的質與量的問題，並提出一些建議，目的在於把寫作教學工作做得更好，進而提高學生的寫作水平。

關鍵詞：作文批改；作文教學；校本課程

Abstract

In the teaching of writing, “quantity” refers to the frequency of writing training or practice sessions, and the number of words in the writing, while “quality” refers to students’ actual writing performance. The focus of this paper is the quality and quantity issue in writing instruction against a background of curriculum reform. A number of suggestions are provided, aiming at improving current writing instruction and enhancing the level of students’ writing.

摘要

能讀、會寫漢字是閱讀與寫作的基礎，所以「識字與寫字」一向是內地小學語文課程內容的重要組成部分。然而，現行的識字教學卻一直無法協調識字速度、兒童讀寫發展需要和學習壓力三者之間的矛盾。基於資訊技術環境，以電腦書寫為突破口組織的識字教學為解決矛盾提供了有效經驗：不僅能提高識字效率，也為識字、閱讀、寫作的融合貫通找到了新的途徑。識字教學改革應立足於資訊技術環境展開，要鼓勵有條件地區的學生儘早使用電腦學習漢字。

關鍵詞：識字教學；電腦書寫

Abstract

Being able to read and write Chinese characters is the basis for reading and writing in the Chinese language. Therefore, “character learning and writing” has always been an important component of the Chinese language curriculum in elementary schools in the Mainland. However, current teaching of Chinese characters has been unable to cope with the contradiction among three elements: that of the speed of learning the characters, the child’s literacy development needs and learning stress. Within an information technology environment, the use of computers in the teaching and learning of characters is a breakthrough and provides successful experience to resolve the contradiction, not only to improve the efficiency of character learning, but also to find new ways to integrate character learning, reading, and writing. Literacy teaching reform should be based on an information technology environment and students in certain qualified regions should be encouraged to use computers in learning Chinese characters as early as possible.

摘要

過去數十年，隨著中國的經濟急速增長，世界各地人士學習漢語的需求與日俱增，而有關對外漢語教學的發展與研究卻是一個被忽略的議題。為了切合不同文化學習者的需要，全球化的對外漢語教學必須改革。本文著重整理相關的文獻，提出教學改革必須要加強的四個關鍵元素：教師專業隊伍、教材、互動網路學習平台及創新的考試模式，並分析如何落實這四項元素。這對各地開辦對外漢語課程的學院有重要啟示。

關鍵詞：對外漢語教學；全球化；教學發展與研究

Abstract

In the last few decades, as China experienced rapid economic growth, the demand for learning Chinese as a foreign language had increased significantly in different parts of the world. However, the development and research of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) has been neglected. With the globalization of Chinese, there is a need for reform of TCFL to meet the diverse needs of learners of different cultures. This paper aims at drawing insights from the literature review on TCFL and suggests strengthening four key components to cope with the change, namely development of teaching professionals, instructional materials, interactive web-based learning, and innovative assessment methods. Implementation of these will be analysed for their important implications for institutions which offer Chinese programs worldwide.