摘要

本文從內地青少年心理輔導發展的背景入手，著重分析並介紹了內地青少年心理輔導發展的歷程及特點，並對目前發展的傾向及未來發展的趨勢進行宏觀的描述及預測。本文認為，盡管與國外及港台地區相比，內地青少年心理輔導起步較晚，但其發展亦頗迅速。在中國社會之進步與青少年成長需要的強大推動作用下，吸取並借鑒國外及港台地區心理輔導發展的成功經驗，內地青少年心理輔導將有更迅速的發展。

Abstract

Based on the literature on the development of psychological counselling for youngsters in the Chinese Mainland, this paper analysed and introduced the historical development of counselling in China in terms of stages. Furthermore, from a micro-perspective, the author examined its present as well as future development trends. Psychological counselling services for youngsters have developed rapidly in the Chinese Mainland, even though it started later than some other countries and regions. Borrowing from successful experiences in some regions, such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, coupled with a high demand for services, the development of psychological counselling in the Chinese Mainland should accelerate rapidly in the future.

摘要

自1950年開始，台灣在政府當局及輔導學者和專家的推動下，首先開始為僑生提供學業與生活輔導，進而為一些學校教師提供輔導知能訓練，並且選定部分中學進行輔導的實驗方案。1968年，台灣政府實施九年國民教育，在中學的學校課程及學校行政組織中正式納入輔導，之後，又逐年延伸到小學及大專各學校層級。到了1980年代，各級學校輔導工作完全奠基。1990年後，在台灣當局全面推動「國家建設六年計劃」以及來自民間的教育改革運動，令輔導及其重要性更普遍為學校及社會大眾所接受。近十年來，台灣的社會在各種弱勢團體的努力下，紛紛成立不同的政府及民間的輔導諮商機構，並且推動政府進行相關的修法與立法。企業界也開始重視對員工的心理輔導及教育訓練。台灣輔導界目前所面臨的挑戰，包括尋求專業認定與自主、培育專業輔導員與督導者、輔導工作專精化、專業分工與整合、確保專業倫理與服務品質，以及建立合適台灣社會的本土輔導學。

Abstract

Since 1950, based on the governmental policy and with the efforts of counseling specialists, Taiwan has started to provide Chinese youth from abroad guidance and counseling to help them make better adjustment. At the same time, school teachers were trained with guidance knowledge to start experimental projects at some chosen middle schools. In 1968, nine-year compulsory education was inaugurated, and guidance and counseling was first officially included in middle school curriculum and administration. In the following 10 years, counseling was extended to elementary schools and colleges. In the 1980s all levels of schools had counseling education and programs. Since 1990, a "Six-year National Development Program" has been in full gear, and under the impact of civil education reform, the acknowledgement and importance of counseling has been widely recognized by schools and society. In the past ten years, with the efforts of the disadvantaged groups, various counseling organizations have been founded to serve those with special needs. The government has been pushed to make some legislation. Some industries now are also aware of the value of counseling, and they start providing employment assistance programs for their employees. The challenges we now face include searching for the professional identity and autonomy, cultivating more professional counselors and supervisors, the specialization and the integration of counselors and practitioners of the related fields, ensuring the professional ethics and qualities, and developing the indigenous counseling for Taiwan's society.

Abstract

As Singapore underwent rapid economic, cultural and technological transitions, more complex social dilemmas and issues confronted the nation. The field of counselling has gained impetus in becoming one of the important channels to cope with social transitions over the past years. This article attempts to describe the counselling development in Singapore. The first part is an overview of the counselling "hardware" development in Singapore. This involves tracing the formation of counselling organisations and units that were founded from the 1960s to the 1990s. The second part examines the "software" of counselling development in Singapore, which entails looking at counselling approaches, counselling training programmes, and the providers of service. The last part of the paper is an attempt to discuss the counselling development trends in Singapore, with particular reference to its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

摘要

隨著新加坡的經濟、文化及技術迅速轉型，國家正面對日趨複雜的社會問題及困難，而輔導服務漸漸成為處理社會過渡的重要途徑。此篇文章嘗試描述新加坡之輔導發展。文章首部分綜觀新加坡輔導之「硬件」的發展，包括回顧1960至1990年間，輔導機構及單位之成立經過。第二部分探討輔導之「軟件」的發展，包括輔導方向、訓練課程和提供輔導服的人士。文章最後部分嘗試討論新加坡輔導發展之趨勢，特別探討其優點、缺點、機會及危機。

Abstract

This article examines the recent development of counselling in Hong Kong, including professional identity, professional organization, education and training, and current practice of counselling in a number of settings (elementary and high schools, universities, and community). Issues related to the future development of counselling psychology in Hong Kong are discussed.

摘要

本文探討香港近年輔導工作的發展，包括專業角色、專業學會、教育與培訓，以及在不同環境（中小學、大學和社區）內的現行做法。此外，本文亦討論一些有關香港專業輔導界在未來要面對的重要事項。

Abstract

This paper attempts to critically review the four review papers on the development of counseling in different Asian contexts. While these papers constitute thorough reviews of the development of counseling in four Asian communities, there are some unanswered questions in each of them: Fan appears to be over-optimistic about the development of counseling in the Mainland China and he overlooks the problems related to the rapid development; Chen identifies the problems confronting counseling professionals in the education system in Taiwan, but he does not offer any solutions; Leung overestimates the complementary role of counselors to other helping professionals in Hong Kong; Sim underestimates the problems encountered by counseling professionals within the social welfare system in Singapore. Based on the reviews, three issues common to counseling professionals in these four places are identified: the search for professional identity, the quest for indigenization, and the need for developing counseling research. This paper concludes by arguing that there are several embarrassing questions confronting counseling professionals in these four Asian places.

摘要

本文回應四篇有關亞洲輔導發展的文章。雖然這四篇文章詳盡地介紹在亞洲不同地區的輔導發展，它們仍忽略了一些問題：樊富珉低估了急促的發展帶來的危機；陳秉華沒有對學校輔導工作面對的困難提出新方向；梁湘明似乎高估了專業輔導員對其他助人專業的幫助；沈文偉忽略了在社會福利系統下發展專業輔導的困難。這四篇文章都指出亞洲輔導工作者面對的三個難題：專業身份不明確、對輔導本土化的渴求，和輔導研究的欠缺。本文亦提出一些亞洲專業輔導員要面對的「困窘」問題。

摘要

作者對本期特輯「心理輔導在四個華人地區的發展」中四篇論文作出回應。首先就四個地區的一些主要課題作出審議，然後再將不同社區中所出現的共通問題作出整合的討論。同時，亦針對華人社區需要邁向專業化的需要，提出了具體的建議。

Abstract

In response to the four papers in the special issue: The Development of Counselling in Four Chinese Communities, this paper begins with examination of some major issues in the four regions. It goes on to have an integrated discussion on some common problems regarding the development of counseling in different Chinese communities. Recommendations for addressing the need of professionalism of counseling in Chinese community as a whole are also presented.

摘要

香港性教育在中學推行及發展雖然已有十多年，但由於欠缺系統的教師培訓及其他複雜原因，實踐的果效仍未見理想。本文目的在綜觀有關香港性教育主要文獻及調查、整理已有資料，務求讓讀者更清晰了解香港青少年學生對性教育的需要，反思性教育定義、目標及其範疇，從而察看性教育在香港中學的實況。最後作者提出多項建議，期盼各方面能攜手合作，為中學生提供更完備及整全的性教育。

Abstract

Sex Education was first officially introduced to the secondary schools of Hong Kong in 1986 when the Sex Education Guideline was issued by the Education Department. Over the past thirteen years, even though more sex education programmes were implemented in schools, the overall result cannot be considered as satisfactory. There are many causes and one of them was due to the lack of systematic training for sex educators. This paper attempts to present a more systematic literature review of major local studies and surveys on sex education issues in Hong Kong, with a view that a better picture of sexuality needs of young people be emerged. The paper also tries to look at the definitions, goals, framework of sex education and the practical issues of sex education implementation in Hong Kong secondary schools. The paper concludes with recommendations for future sex education movement to gear at in order to best serve the multiple needs of secondary students from a holistic perspective.