Abstract

Traditionally, therapeutic communities (TCs) have focused on providing abstinence-based treatment. However, with the emergence of HIV among injecting drug users, some TCs have evolved to include risk management or harm reduction strategies into their previously abstinence-based programs. We Help Ourselves (WHOS), a group of TCs in Australia, integrated harm reduction into their services in the 1980s. WHOS passed through a series of stages as it moved from a goal of “abstinence only” to one of “abstinence eventually.” Following these changes, client retention and length of stay increased and HIV risk behaviors decreased. The process by which WHOS integrated harm reduction into their services while maintaining a commitment to abstinence is outlined and a guide for TCs interested in adopting harm reduction is provided.

摘要

過往，治療社區（therapeutic communities）的治療計劃都以禁制為本。然而，隨着注射毒品者感染愛滋病毒，有些治療社區已把危機管理或緩害策略結合於「禁制為本」的服務內。「我們自助」是澳洲的一組治療社區，於20世紀80年代已把緩害策略結合於其服務內。「我們自助」的目標由最初的「只有禁制」發展至「最終能自我克制」，當中經歷了多個階段。因應策略的轉變，受助人留在治療社區內的時間多了，而感染愛滋病毒的高危行為減少了。本文概述了「我們自助」在堅守禁制理念下結合緩害策略的過程，並向有意採取緩害策略的社區給予指引

Abstract

This article reports the findings of a qualitative grounded theory study on drug dependence and marital satisfaction in Iran. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 41 opium and heroin dependents selected from the Self-Referred Drug Addicts’ Treatment Centre in Rasht, Iran. All participants were married. The study found that drug dependence has an impact on various aspects of marital satisfaction such as emotional satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. Intervention and prevention programs should be offered to the spouses of drug dependents.

摘要

本文報導一項按照紮根理論探討伊朗國內毒癮與婚姻滿意度的質性研究。研究以半結構訪談搜集資料。訪談對象來自伊朗雷什特的戒毒治療中心的41名已為人父母的吸毒者（吸食鴉片或海洛英）。研究結果顯示，毒癮對婚姻滿意度的多個層面都有影響，包括感情生活和性生活的滿意度。研究指出，必須提供適切的介入及預防服務，以協助吸毒者及其配偶。

Abstract

Past research has shown that Asians underutilize mental health services. One way to increase the use of such services is to understand their causal beliefs and help-seeking behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine how causal attributions of three types of psychiatric symptoms (depressive, anxious, and schizophrenic) were associated with preferred sources of help among a group of university students in Singapore. Cross-sectional data were collected through a survey questionnaire with symptom vignettes and examined by path analyses. Main results showed that endorsements of causal attributions varied by symptoms; for example, depressive and anxious symptoms were more likely than schizophrenic symptoms to be attributed to psychosocial causation. Based on separate path analyses for every symptom type, both psychosocial and biomedical causations were correlated with each other, which in turn were associated with various sources of help. Psychosocial causation was associated with the source of friend/classmate whereas biomedical causation was associated with the sources of medical doctor, mental health professional, and alternative medical practitioner. Seeking helps from these professional sources were also correlated with each other. These findings suggest that causal attributions, particularly biomedical dimensions of psychiatric symptoms, should be highlighted when implementing relevant mental health services for university students; and they may be receptive to a holistic treatment team consisting of friends, medical doctors, mental health professionals, and alternative medical practitioners.

摘要

過往的研究顯示，亞洲人未有充分使用精神健康服務。要增加這類服務的使用情況，方法之一便是了解他們對精神病的成因信念及求助行為。本研究旨在探討新加坡大學生對抑鬱、焦慮、精神分裂這三類精神病症狀的歸因與求助取向的關係。研究以問卷調查方法搜集資料，並以路徑分析方法來檢驗。問卷附有描述三類症狀的短文。研究結果顯示，歸因隨不同症狀而別。例如，抑鬱及焦慮症狀比精神分裂症狀較多歸因於社會心理因素。對不同症狀類型的獨立路徑分析結果表明，社會心理因素與生物醫學因素互有關連，而它們又與不同的求助取向相關。社會心理因素與求助於朋友／同學相關，而生物醫學因素與求助於醫生、精神健康專業人士及另類療法治療師相關。求助於各類專業人士亦彼此相關。研究結果指出，為大學生提供相關的精神健康服務時，應注意精神病的各種症狀歸因，尤其是生物醫學歸因方面。而且，大學生或許較易接受整全的治療，治療隊伍應包括朋友、醫生、精神健康專業人士及另類療法治療師。

Abstract

The present study examined the predictive value of filial piety and parental involvement with respect to students’ academic behavior — orientation of achievement motivation and amotivation. Parental involvement was defined as the parents’ expectation, value on education and feedback perceived by the students. This study was conducted in Hong Kong by gathering data from a questionnaire survey at three secondary schools, one all-male and two co-educational schools, across three school bandings (academic standards) and at different school districts. The final sample size was 299. Participants were from Form 2, Form 4, and Form 6. Results showed a positive and significant contribution from filial piety and parental value on education in academic achievement motivation. However, a perceived high parental expectation and insufficient parental feedback on performance, along with less caring for parents and mothers with lower educational level contributed significantly to students’ academic amotivation. Rather than understanding filial piety as a general concept, we conducted a principal component analysis of filial piety and four factors were extracted. Of the four factors, the models in this article singled out “self-sacrificing obedience” as a motivating factor, whereas absence of or insufficient caring for one’s parents appeared to be a factor that discourages academic achievement.

摘要

本研究探討孝道及家長的參與對學生學習行為（包括學習動機和缺乏學習動機）的影響。本研究把家長的參與界定為：在學生眼中父母對自己的期望，對教育的價值觀，以及給予自己的回饋。研究數據來自299份學生問卷。填寫問卷的是香港三所中學（一所全男校，兩所男女校）的中二、中四及中六學生。這三所學校所處地區及其學生成績組別都不同。研究發現，孝道和父母對教育的價值觀為學生的學習動機帶來正面影響。另一方面，父母的期望過高，父母對子女的回饋不足，學生對父母的關懷不夠，以及母親的教育水平這四項，均與學生缺乏學習動機有關。就孝道而言，本研究分析出孝道可包含四種因素，其中「自我犧牲形式的服從」能提升學習動機；但若學生對父母缺乏關懷或關懷不足，則會降低他們的學習動機。

Abstract

Hopelessness depression is a subtype of depression. Due to hopelessness, this subtype of depression has distinctive symptoms of retarded initiation of voluntary responses, apathy, and mood-exacerbated negative cognition. Hence, hopelessness depression patients have motivational defects and strong dysfunctional thinking. These are unfavorable factors for cognitive therapy because cognitive therapy requires patients’ participation in identifying and modifying their dysfunctional thinking and it has limitation for modifying strong dysfunctional thinking. This article shows that undermining hopelessness is a necessary preliminary step before cognitive work on their dysfunctional thinking when treating hopelessness depression patients, and it can be done by cognitive treatment focusing on self-esteem enhancement. A successful case experience of applying cognitive therapy to hopelessness depression is illustrated.

摘要

無望抑鬱症是抑鬱症的一種，無望感令患者有遲滯的自發反應、冷漠，且因低落情緒而出現嚴重的消極認知等獨特症狀。故此，無望抑鬱症的病人往往欠缺動機，並有強烈負面思想。這些問題不利於進行認知治療，因為認知治療要求病人參與識別和改變他們功能不良的思想；況且，認知治療對處理頑固功能不良的思想亦有其限制。本文引用一個個案，指出使用認知治療醫治無望抑鬱症病人時，首要工作是減輕病人的無望感，而這又可以透過重點提升病人自尊的認知治療來達成。

Abstract

Internationalizing scholarly work in counseling is instrumental to the development of the field of counseling around the globe. Practical steps and potential barriers to internationalizing counseling literature, including journals in counseling, are identified and discussed. The authors also explain how Asian Journal of Counselling can continue to play an important role in developing indigenous and international scholarship in counseling in Asia and beyond.

摘要

將輔導文獻國際化，有助輔導領域在全球的發展。本文討論把輔導文獻（包括學報）國際化的實際步驟與可能障礙。作者亦指出在亞洲及其他地區，《亞洲輔導學報》在推動輔導學理本土化及國際化方面仍擔當重要角色，文章並論述當中原因。