摘要

輔導事業在不同地區的發展受到當地社會和教育制度、文化環境、以及接受理論程度的制約，從而形成適合當地實際的輔導模式。本文嘗 試從廣州學校對輔導的需求、現況和發展路向三方面展示廣州學生輔導的概貌，並著重探討“滲透”模式和“學校社會共管、綜合治理”模式 在學校輔導中的應用價值。

Abstract

The development of counselling work in a particular place are influenced by its social conditions, educational system, cultural environment, as well as the people's acceptance of counselling theories. As a result, the evolution of a "practical" and "suitable" counselling model for Guangzhou are determined by the above factors.

Abstract

An attempt was made to study the effects of focus group discussions on parental attitude change toward hepatitis B children in Guangzhou in China. The exploration and comparison of the general parental attitude toward HB children and healthy children were also made in this study. A sample of 65 parents of HB child carriers and healthy children was randomly selected and grouped into 7 focus groups containing message on "attitude toward your child and HB children" was administered through questions and discussions. Before and after design was used. Parents of HB child carriers showed more attitude change than parents of healthy children. Parents of healthy children made no change for rejecting the idea of integrating HB children into ordinary kindergarten after discussions.

摘要

本研究欲透過小組討論，探索對廣州父母與子女，及對肝炎兒童態度轉變之影響。它同時亦分析和比較一般父母對健康子女或肝炎子女的態度和差異。六十正對肝炎和健康兒童之父母被隨機抽樣，且分成七組進行，小組用問答及討論的方式進行。討論的主題是「對子女和肝炎兒童的態度」。小組討論作前後分析比較。肝炎父母較健康子女的父母做出較大態度上的轉變，覺得壓力有減輕之趨向，健康子女的父母對於反對肝炎兒童人讀普通幼兒園的看法，並無因小組討論而做出 任何改變。

摘要

佛教作為一種東方的宗教及哲學體系，有其獨特的人生觀及世界觀，落實在生活實踐上，則重在破除個體對自我及世界萬事萬物的執著。佛教認為，由於事物及這個自我本身皆是變化不定，不可執為永恆的存在，如果我們為了滿足自我，強烈去追求可欲的事物，便易導致求而不得的痛苦，因而主張以平常心去接觸事物，去對待變化的世情。在這裡，佛教一方面提出一種對自我及事物的了解方向，進而在這種了解的基礎上建立一種生活的態度。然而，本文所強調的，並不是佛教的宗教性及哲學性的一面。文中有關佛教人性論，人生觀及世界觀的闡析，只是一個扼要的簡介，重點在它如何利用獨特的處境式的輔導方法，去幫助人們消除心靈上的困擾和苦痛。文中舉出若干佛教的故事，正好表現出這種重視實踐體證的精神。

Abstract

Buddhism, as an oriental religion and philosophical system, has its unique view of life and Weltanschauung. Its core belief is to lead people to eliminate the suffering from the own self and different things of the everchanging world. From the viewpoint of Buddhism, our own self and things are continuously changing and thus cannot be held etemally. If we strongly strive for the desirable things in order to satisfy our own self, pain is inevitable when our desire is not satisfied. Hence, we must keep our mind free from the fascinating and changing things. The way of understanding, enlightened by Buddhism, to our own self and the things of the world helps us adopt a positive attitude towards lives. However, this paper is not prepared to discuss the aspect of religion and philosophy of Buddhism (so, there is only a simple description about the personality, view of life and Weltanschuung of Buddhism). Instead, it stresses the use of specific technique of counselling, by getting knowledge and feeling from practice in life, to help people to get rid of the trouble and the pain in the mind.

Abstract

This article describes the theory and practice of an Asian counselling approach, Naikan, used in Canada. A historical and philosophical background of Naikan is provided, along with a description of the therapeutic process. While the spirit of the Naikan approach is retained, it thas been adapted for use in Canada with a Western clientele. To emphasize how we use Naikan, the case of "M" is presented and discussed.

摘要

本文為探討亞洲心理治療學派──內觀法在加拿大應用之理論背景及實施方法。其中描述其治療過桯及背後的歷史和思想背景。雖然，內觀法被應用在 西方的當事人身上，但它的精神仍然是得以維持，而為了解釋怎樣運用內觀法，個案“M”會呈現及討論。

摘要

偏差的自我形象，是學生問題的關鍵。本文以多元多層的模式界定一個人自我形象的結構。透過三個案例，試從學術自我形象的趨降、社 群和情緒問題的偏低和一個體能自我形象惡劣作開始，闡釋各少年人問題發展的進程。一個健康的自我形象，是自尊的基礎，也是青少年生活 適應的必需。一旦缺乏時，問題逐漸衍生，與個人的偏差自我形象形成一個惡性循環。倘若得不到及時和適當的處理，會令青少年成長受阻， 其甚至可以摧毀一生。

Abstract

Low self-concept is the core of student problems. This paper bases on a multidimensional and hierarchies] model to define the structure of self-concept. Three different cases of low self- concepts, declining academic self-concept, low social and emotional self-concept, and physically weak self-concept, were chosen to illustrate the development of youth problems. A healthy self-concept is the foundation of self-esteem as well as the key element for adolescents to achieve good adjustment in life. Void of a healthy self-concept may initiate the chain of problems which would join with the low self-concept to become a vicious cycle. If no immediate and proper remedy is offered, the development of these adolescents will be hindered and even more, their lives will be ruined.

Abstract

Adlerian theory of psychotherapy is very comprehensive and completed. I have explored my position in different areas in counseling through an Adlerian perspective.

Adlerians view human nature in a holistic, socially embedded, phenomenological, creative and teleological way. Striving for superiority, feeling of inferiority, social interest and life styles are the major concepts in Adlerian theory of personality development. Unique life style is formed at early childhood with the development of social interest. Clients are viewed as discouraged persons while the basic goal of the Adlerian approach is to help clients to identify and change their mistaken beliefs about life and encourage the development of their social interest. Cooperative relationship between the client and the counselor is stressed in the counseling process with emphases on exploring the client's family background and life experiences, giving insight and re-orientating the client. Personal implications of the Adlerian theory are also discussed in the article.

摘要

阿德納心理治療理論是十分全面和完整的，筆者嘗試透過此理論檢視其個人在輔導上的立場。阿德納的跟從者認為人性是整全、合群，和具創意的，每個人從其主觀的角度感受其所處的環境，並且人的行為基本上具有其目的和意義。 而自卑感、追求優越、對社會的關注，和生活模式為阿德納性格發展理論的重點，獨特的生活模式與對社會的關注建立於孩童時代。受導者被視為灰心的人而非病人，因而輔導的目標乃在協助受導者發現及改變其不正確生活信念，和增強其對社會關注的發展。輔導的過程強調輔導員及受導者間的關係，協助受導者檢視其家庭背景及經驗的影響，使其有所領悟以致重新整理其個人取向。本理論對筆者之個人意義亦於本文中討論。

摘要

本研究調查初中學生家長對其子女接受課餘督導的需要程度。調查主要是通過一份問卷，發紿全港各區廿二所中學初中三級半級數學生的 家長共六五二十人，收回的問卷有五二三八份，回收率為百分之八十。超過百分之七十八的填答者表示希望其子女在老師下班後（下午五時以 後）接受功課的督導或參予一些額外的活動，他們並不介意學校在這方面收取費用以便能招聘適當的人手以應付這個需要。本研究的結果將會 是學校和青少年中心的新挑戰。

Abstract

This study investigated the need of extra-supervision of junior secondary students after school as indicated by their parents. A questionnaire was administered to 6520 parents of junior secondary students in 22 schools and 80% of the parents replied. Among the respondents, 78.5% of them expressed the need of extra supervision of these students in the area of home work and other activities after the end of a normal school day (i.e. 5:00p.m.). The parents did not mind to pay extra tuition if the school can provide this service. The result would be a challenge to the existion service of the school and the youth center.

Abstract

This paper is to provide an overview for comprehending children and adolescent suicides. The disussion begin by delineating the general predisposing and precipitating factors behind the suicidal act, then narrowing down to a closer look at the subjective world, cognitive style and psychodynamics of the suicidal youngsters, and eventually deriving some implications for the management and prevention of their suicides.

摘要

本文旨在初步探討兒童及青少年之自殺行為，從一些普遍的潛在及誘發因素開始，然後更深入地探索年輕自殺者的主齯世界、思維模式及心理動力，最後討論處理及預防自殺的方法。

摘要

“家庭治療”學派相信，即時的介入行動，往往比事後的回饋，能更有效地帶動積極改變。此信念不單反映於此學派的工作技巧及方法， 更應用於家庭治療員的訓練。

現場督導（Live Supervision），是家庭治療常用的訓練模式。透過現 場督導，不但使導師能在單向鏡後，直接觀察家庭成員的交往及治療員面見家庭的過程 ; 更提供機會，讓導師直接參與面見的過程，作出即時 的回應及介入，從而促進面談成效。

本文著重討論現場督導的理念、方法、技巧及特質。透過分享作者 運用現場督導，訓練社工學生的實踐經驗，檢討應用此方法於學生督導工作的成效和困難，並提出一些建議。

Abstract

Family therapy theorists believe that immediate intervention is more effective than post-event feedback in bringing about positive changes in a family relationship, Such a belief should not noly be applied in counselling practice, but in training for family therapy as well.

Live supervision is a common practice in training for family therapy. It enables the supervisor to observe behind the mirror the interaction between the counsellor and family members who seek family therapy. It also enables the supervisor to participate in the counselling process and provide immediate feedback to the trainee for family therapy so as to increase the effectiveness of the therapy.

This paper discusses the basic concepts, techniques and features of live supervision through sharing the author's experiences in using the technique in training family therapy for social workers. It also examines the effectiveness of the technique as well as some of the problems in using it. The paper ends with some suggestions for better using the technique.

Abstract

The initial interviews with a client are used, in general, for assessing the prevailing problems that the client is having. In doing so, what the client expects from counselling will be identified. At the same time, the counsellor also evaluates whether he is suitable to accept the case. For the case study presented in this paper, the whole counselling process followed the rationale of cognitive therapy. After the initial observations, it was found that the client was suffering the disorders of depression and anxiety, which were related to a "rebellious" character, work failures, unsatisfactory family relations, and harassment by the parents. The symptoms associated with the disorders were conspicuous; the one causing very severe malfunction appeared to be the mind blanking. Procedures were tentatively scrutinized to help the client reduce the anxiety, restore self-confidence, and hence subsequently get rid of the mind blanking and the "black shadow of fear".

摘要

一般來說，初次與當事人面談是要評估其存在的困難，找出當事人對輔導的期望。同時，輔導員也可判斷自己是否適合處理這宗個案。文中的個案研究，整個輔導過程是依從認知治療法的原理。從初次面談的觀察，當事人正受抑鬱和驚恐的情緒困擾，這等情緒與當事人的反叛性格、工作失敗、家庭不和及父母的騷擾有關。 當事人的病癥是十分明顯的，其中引致最嚴重失調的要算是思想空白一片。初步治療是幫助當事人減低焦慮，重建信心，繼而消除其‘思想空白’及‘恐懼的黑影’。