Abstract

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a counseling skill training course, to examine counselor's skills, helpee's self-involvement in relation to counseling outcome, and to investigate changes of both counselor's and helpee's responses within and across counseling sessions. 24 university students majoring in counseling enrolled in a 32 hour's counseling training course and they served as the experimental group. Another 19 non-enrolled students from the same class served as the control group. The training course provided lecture, modeling, role-play, and coaching counseling skills. In addition, each enrolled student was required to conduct and audiotaped four real counseling sessions with highg school students. The effectiveness of the training course was evaluated by a post written test on counseling responses to compare differences on scale scores between the two groups. Counselor's and helpee's verbal responses, and counseling outcome were also evaluated through counseling audiotapes by using Carkhuff's scale and other measures. Major findings in this study were: no significant differences were found on counseling skill improvement between the two groups, although a tendency showed that relational building skills were improved and variations of these skills were minimized among enrolled students after the training course was completed. A high positive correlation existed between counselor's confrontation skill, helpee's self-involvement, and counseling outcome. Counselor's and helpee's responses changed and moved toward higher scores on Carkhuff's scale and helpee's self-involvement scale within each counseling session. Similar results didn't show across counseling sessions. Finally, suggestions about providing counseling training program were addressed, defects in measurement and issues in conducting counseling research were raised.

摘要

本研究旨在探討諮商技巧訓練的效果，接受訓練的大學生諮商員使用的諮商技巧、受輔者自我涉入與諮商效果間的關係、及以探討隨著諮商次數的增加，受訓練的大學生的囗語諮商反應與受輔者反應的變化俏形。24名大學生註冊為期32小 時的諮商技巧訓練課程，作為實驗組。另外19名同系、同班未註冊的大學生為控制組。訓練課程以授課、示範、角色扮演、教導練習諮商技巧為主。此外，受訓學生還要實地進行並且錄音與中學生連續四次的真實諮商談話。本研究的主要發現是：訓練課程結束後，實驗組受試的諮商技巧並沒有在諮商員反應量表的得分上顯著優於控制組的受試，但是實驗組在輔導關係技巧上的平均數略優 於控制組，且變異數略小於控制組。受試學生諮商員的面質技巧與受輔者自我涉入，與諮商效果之間有正相關。在同一諮商談話中，諮商員與受輔者的口語反應，隨著談話的進展，顯示越來越好，但這種變化並未因著諮商談話次數增加而有所不同。本文亦討論到訓練課程

Abstract

The Chinese version of the Marital Comparison Level Index (C- MCLI) was administered to ninety one maritally "adjusted" and eighty one maritally "maladjusted" adults, along with other instruments assessing marital adjustment (the Chinese Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and marital satisfaction (the Chinese Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale). The C-MCLI was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and the C-MCLI scores were observed to correlate substantially with measures of marital adjustment and marital satisfaction but not significantly with measures not expected to be related to marriage. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the maritally "adjusted" and the "maladjusted" groups of subjects in terms of C-MCLI scores. The present data show that the C-MCLI has acceptable reliability and validity status and it can be used as an objective tool in assessing marital complaints in the Chinese counselling context.

摘要

在此研究中，91名婚姻適應“較佳”和81名婚姻適應“較差”的受試者，均對中文婚姻狀況比較量表（C-MCLI），中文婚姻適應量表（C-DAS）和中文肯薩斯婚姻滿足感量表（C-KMS）作出反應。結果顯示（a）C-MCLI有很高的內在 一致性信度；（b）C-MCLI總分（婚姻現況與理想狀態的差別）與C-DAS總分（婚姻適應）和C-KMS總分（婚姻滿足感）有顯著相關，但C-MCLI總分量度和婚姻無關的項目並無顯著相關；（c）婚姻適應“較差”與“較佳”的受試者在C-MCLI的得分有顯著的差異。本研究指出C-MCLI有可接受的信度和效度，而有關的數據亦表示C-MCLI可被應用於婚姻輔導的範疇。

摘要

在人的一生中，除了受先天和後天環境的限制外，還有很多是自己加給自己的限制。當我們對自己或某些事物不能接納，因而產生焦慮或心理防 範，這些不能接納的東西使成為我們的限制，限制束縛我們，使我們感到 有壓力， 問題便出現。我的輔導模式是從感受和認知（Cognitive）入手，先 處理受導者的情緒，再改變受導者的知覺（Perception），使他接納限制，再 幫助受導者發揮內裡的潛力，去改變甚至超越他的限制，最後幫助受導者用積極的態度面對人生。

Abstract

Human beings are constrained by inborn, environmental, and even self-imposed limitations. When we cannot accept certain things or even ourselves, anxiety and psychological defense mechanisms will arise. These unacceptable things will become our limitations, making us feel pressured, and problems will ensue. My counselling model, which attends to emotion and cognition, deals with the client's emotion first, and then changes his perception to help him accept his own limitations. Further, I will help him to develop his potential to the full, so that he can conquer or even transcend his own limitations. Lastly, I will help him to face life with a positive attitude.

Abstract

The author contends that helping the client to be a responsible person is the ultimate goal of counselling. The client is engaged in a therapeutic process of exploration, understanding and action. The counsellor provides a facilitative relationship and guides the client's therapeutic process. The counsellor's personal qualities determine the levels of therapeutic conditions in the counselling relationship. At the end of the paper, the author presents six principles which the counsellor can use to guide the client in the therapeutic process.

摘要

本文指出輔導的最終目標，是協助當事人成為承擔人生負責任的人，從而享受人生，在生活中成長，並對社群作出貢獻。在治療過程中，當事人對自己及人生進行探討、了解和作出行動。輔導員不但提供一個具治療功能的關係，而且用心地促進當事人的治療過程。輔導員的個人質素，決定了輔導關係中的治療條件。在文末，作者提出六項原則，去促進當事人的治療過程。

Abstract

During the past decade there has been an increasing acceptance in industry of the importance of providing counselling service within the realm of occupational social work for employees with personal problems in Hong Kong. This paper, by basing on a culminated review of some local cases in enterprises, acknowledges that personal problems of employees can adversely affect job performance and organizational effectiveness. If there is employee counselling available in the early stage, it can prevent these problems from worsening. In doing so, the management can lay the foundation on which humanistic high- productivity policies can be built. It parallels the devotion of management to issues concerned with productivity and industrial relations. The purpose of this paper is set to summarize what is known about the extent to which employee counselling exists within selected enterprises and the existence of various models. It also offers some conclusions about the current state of employee counselling and discuss its future development in Hong Kong.

摘要

過去十年，在職業社會工作的領域內可以觀察到一個現象，就是越來越多的僱主，接受為員工提供輔導服務處理其個人問題的重要性。本文以一系列對企業這類服務的個案調查為基礎，指出員工的個人問題，除影嚮本身的工作表現外，亦將令組織的效能降低。假如企業能夠儘早地為員工提供輔導服務，可防止情況惡化。如此一來，管理者可以制訂一項以人為本而又兼具高生產力的政策；二來與他們一向關注的生產力和勞資關係的維繫，並行不悖。因此，本文目的在於總結一些企業為員工所提供的輔導服務的情況，除嘗試整理為一些理論模式外，並對僱員輔導服務現階段的困難，以及將來的發展作出討論。

Abstract

The special needs and concerns of international counseling psychology students in the United States have been largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to discuss education issues regarding this student population. Topics covered include: admission, language and cultural adjustment, learning experience, practicum and internship, thesis and dissertation, reentry, and recommendations for future research.

摘要

在美國，輔導心理學外籍學生的特殊需要往往被忽略了。這篇文章討論關於這些學生的教育問題。討論重點包括入學甄選、語文和文化的適應、學習經驗、輔導實習、研究論文撰寫、回歸適應、及對未來研究的建議。

Abstract

The world is rapidly changing. Increased communications, exposure to other cultures through the mass media, and growing business, educational, and social contacts between different societies have created a much smaller and more interactive world. These changes have had a major impact on all professions and fields. In this paper, the author discusses contemporary issues confronting counselors and mental health professionals. The following points are made: First, human beings all experience mental health problems. Research on mental health have been conducted in all parts of Asia. Some research findings from different societies will be presented. Despite methodological and conceptual differences in the investigations, there is no question that mental health problems affect significant portions of the populations of different Asian societies. What is also clear is that Asians exhibit differences in symptom patterns, culture bound syndromes, and distribution of mental disorders. Second, the ways of conceptualizing and explaining mental health problems appear to vary according to culture. In many Asian societies, issues of shame and stigma, loss of face, social orientation, mind-body interactions, and spiritual notions are important to consider in attributions concerning mental health. Unfortunately, Asian indigenous concepts are often overshadowed by Western views and approaches. Third, cultural factors affect the use of prevention and treatment tactics. Although formal counseling and psychotherapy services are often based on Western forms of treatment, the specific forms of treatment have varied across different Asian societies. This raises the issue of whether there are universally effective forms of treatment or universally beneficial therapeutic processes. Fourth, the priority given to mental health and counseling varies in different societies. Despite growing awareness of the importance of mental health, counseling and mental health treatment are still accorded low priority in many societies. These points are used to argue that the role of counselors should be expanded and strengthened. Counselors should (1) engage in public education concerning mental health and the value of counseling, (2) find means of integrating and articulating Asian-indigenous and Western concepts and methods, (3) encourage and engage in research concerning mental health and treatment effectiveness, and (4) strengthen the coalition of counselors across Asian countries.

摘要

世界正處劇變：頻繁的通訊，大眾傳媒所造成的跨文化接觸，以及區域間之商業、教育和社會交流。結果：世界縮小了，而人際互動卻增多了。這些轉變對所有專業和科學已產生重大的影響。本文將探討輔導及心理衛生專業人員面對之當代論題。其要點如下：

第一，人類俱經歷心理衛生問題。在亞洲各地均有心理衛生研究。我會報導一些不同地區的結果。雖然這些研究在方法與概念上有差異，毫無疑問，這些心理健康問題對亞洲各國相當數目之居民皆有影響。再者，亞洲人之間亦顯示在病癥的形態，文化局限的症候群，與精神病的分佈上有分別。

第二，對心理衛生的理解和解釋似乎是因文化而異，在不同的亞洲社會之心理衛生歸因，要鄭重考慮的包括羞愧恥辱，面子問題，社會取向，身心互動，和靈性觀念。可惜的是亞洲固有的理念往往被西方的觀點和立場遮蔽。

第三，文化因素能影響預防與治療策略之運用。雖然正式的輔導和心理治療服務常基於西方的模式，特殊的治療卻在亞洲各地以不同形態出現。這引發出一個論題，就是有否普世性的有效治療方法或全人類均適用之治療過程。

第四，每個社會紿予心理衛生與輔導不同的優先地位。雖然心理衛生的醒覺一般已提高，但是在很多地區輔導及心理治療仍不獲重視。

上述各項論述乃用來支持一個重點：輔導者的角色應該擴大和加強。輔導者應該：（1）參與公共教育以增加對心理衛生和輔導價值之認識；（2）尋找途徑來表達並統合亞洲固有的與西方的概念和方法；（3）鼓勵及進行有關心理健康和治療果效之研究；與(4)加強亞洲各地輔導人員的聯繁。

Abstract

Sex, courtship and marriage has long been a problem for mental ex-patients, especially for those with psychotic records. Not to mention are the sex related contents in residual hallucination and delusion of schizophrenic ex-patients and preoccupied sex and marital obsessive thoughts in young mental ex-patients. Many mental ex-patients have problems in fulfilling the sex roles, images and identities. In this paper, the writer will describe the above problems in detail and suggest that sex education, premarital and marital counselling are of crucial importance for a norinalized psychiatric rehabilitation of the mental ex- patients. With suitable support from such interventions, mental ex-patients can gradually tune back to normal and healthy sex, courtship and marriage, which are stabilizing factors for the mental health of everyone in modern society.

摘要

長期以來，精神病康復者在性，婚姻和戀愛方面都被認為是令人頭痛的問題，很多時他們的精神病的殘餘、徵狀、幻想和幻覺都和性、婚姻及戀愛拉上關係，雖然他們在這幾方面都有正常和強烈的需要，但由於他們在病患及康復過程中缺乏社區人士的接納、支持和照顧，引致這些正常需要慢慢轉化成為不健康的行為和徵狀，他們在性別的角色，形像和認同上也產生問題。在這篇論文中，作者會就這些需要及問題作出澄清及分析。作者指出這些需要其實應在輔導的過程中被重視，恰當的性輔導及教育能令康復者明白性、婚姻，戀愛有全面正確的認識，並引導他們從社會接納及健康的正常途經去滿足這些需要，以使他們能正常地落人入社會，再過平常人的生活。

Abstract

This article describes an introductory course in effective human relationships for health professionals, run at the Universiti Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It raises a number of issues regarding the relevance of counselling for the culture of a mainly Muslim Asian country, for the culture of health professionals, and for the culture of a hospital. The results of this project indicate that counselling has relevance within all these cultural contexts, but raises ongoing concerns.

摘要

這篇文章介紹在馬來西亞吉隆坡大學醫院推行的一個專為健康專業從業員舉辦的「有效處理人際關係」的一個基本課程；並提出了對於不同文化；亞洲回教國家、健康專業從業員及醫院內各種文化的一些輔導要點。這計劃的結果，顯示了輔導在這些文化內的重要性，及提出一些現存的問題。

Abstract

This paper begins with a brief summary of the basic assumptions, concepts, practice principles and techniques of Cognitive Therapy in working with depressed clients. Then, a case was used to illustrate the application of Cognitive Therapy to this target group. Afterwards, some personal reflections on the therapy were shared.

摘要

本文首先提要了理性治療法在處理抑鬱症案主的基本假設、概念、應用原則及技巧。之後，作者引用了一個個案去說明理性治療法如何應用在以上對象上，最後，作者分享了一些對理性治療法的反思。

Abstract

YOUTH OUTREACH is an experimental service providing counseling and support for marginal youth in times of crisis. The target group is adolescents between the ages of 10 and 16 who are not yet deeply enmeshed in the delinquent subculture. The service is based on established crisis intervention theory which stresses the high motivation of people in crisis to seek solutions to their problems and Reality Therapy which emphasizes meeting needs responsibly. The intervention is both a pro-active service based on a team of social workers going out during the night to places where runaways gather and a re-active service offering immediate and easy access by means of a 24 hour hotline and minimal intake procedures. A period of up to two months residential service is available with a six month follow up. The residential period is spent in a family style hostel which lays stress on a therapeutic but structured milieu and informal as well as formal individual and group counseling. Re-integration of the youngster into a non- deviant life-style is promoted by gradually increasing contacts with the family and by encouraging a reinsertion into the educational system.

摘要

協青社提供一種實驗式的服務，為10至16歲尚未感染違法行為的邊緣青少年在危機時刻提供輔導及幫助。這服務基於危機介入理論及現實治療法。前者強調人在面對危機時有高度的推動力去找解決問題的方法，後者著重負責任地去達到需求，介入的途徑包括一組社工在晚上到離家出走青少年流連的地點展開前線工作，及透過24小時之熱線與最簡單的收取手續提供即時及方便的廷績服務，住宿期為兩個月，之後有六個月的跟進。宿舍生活以一種富有治療及有規律之家庭式宿舍環境為特式，社員亦接受到正規的或自然的個別及小組輔導。透過漸進地與家人接觸及重拾書本的鼓勵，社員重新投入循規蹈矩的生活方式。

摘要

「朝陽方案」是一項在學校中實施的少年犯罪防治方案，以犯罪有案及有嚴重外向性問題行為的國中生為對象，自1990年起，在臺灣地區實施，第一 年僅十七校參與，受輔導學生253名；第二年擴大為95校，788名個案；第三年增為154校，1,031名個案；第四年（1993–94）將擴人為312校。實施方法包括直接方式（個別諮商、校內團體輔導及校外成長營活動等）與間接方式（教師輔導知能研習、親職教育、家庭訪視等）。經過年度評估，結果顯示在「課業表現」、「師生關係」、「同儕關係」及「違規行為」四個向 度上，受輔個案均有顯著改善；其中尤以「違規行為」之改善最為顯著，「課業表現」之改善較差。